Determining the methods of different kinds of objects to invoke at runtime rather than at compile-time.
$1
, meaning first match against first group/(\S+)(\S+),(\S+)/
corresponding matched content is print $1 $2 $3
if(xx =~ xx) do sth else die
$&
: the part actually matched$\backslash
: the part before matched$'
: the part after matched